German-Danish Hydrogen Network

2G Energy AG is currently one of the leading international manufacturers of combined heat and power systems for the decentralized production of energy. They believe in protecting the climate, to combat global warming and in creating growth. This motivates them to be leaders of innovation and efficiency, so that they can reliably deliver clean energy to their partners & customers.

Their energy output is created using gaseous fuel, such as hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, sewage, syngas etc., using internal combustion engines producing between 15-4500kWel. Their stationary power generation is between 115kWel and 750kWel on 100% H2.

BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH has been a major driving force in the development of specialist foundation engineering and executes excavation pits, foundations, cut-off walls and ground improvement all over the world. Our main services are all kinds of bored piles, anchors, diaphragm and cut-off walls, as well as injections and deep vibrations on off-shore drilling. The approved quality of these production methods comes from long years of experience, qualified employees and continuous research.

Business Vordingborg creates growth and development in Vordingborg municipality's business life. They work to attract new companies, help existing companies to grow and develop entrepreneurs.

Business Vordingborg brings companies, educational institutions, public actors, organizations and citizens together in order to create development and growth for the benefit of companies and citizens.

Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners P/S (CIP) is today the world’s largest dedicated fund manager within greenfield renewable energy investments and a global leader in offshore wind. CIP is committed to accelerate its role in the global energy transition and aim to have EUR 100bn Euros under management in green energy investments in 2030.

Invest in Denmark is assisting foreign companies with information about PtX opportunities in Denmark, and introducing the companies to the relevant authorities, utilities, consultants, potential partners etc. Invest in Denmark is also planning and handling "Fact Finding Missions" in Denmark.

Dansk Industri Energi (DI Energi) is part of Denmark’s largest private business organisation, the Confederation of Danish Industry (Dansk Industri). DI Energi represents over 600 companies across the value chain of energy. Among other things, DI Energi’s members are engaged in harvesting synergies between energy forms and technologies through Power-to-X. 

Erneuerbare Energien Hamburg (EEHH) is an industry network for future energies. As the central regional industry network, it offers interested stakeholders a platform for networking and information. EEHH includes some 220 companies in the Metropolitan Region of Hamburg. The network is part of many hydrogen projects like the “Hamburg Green Hydrogen Hub”, “Waste to Hydrogen for Hamburg” and “HH2E”. 

The German company GP Joule Hydrogen GmbH extends the value chain of renewable energies. Among others, it develops concepts regarding the development, construction, and operation of decentralised electrolysers and Hydrogen Refueling Solutions (HRS). GP Joule initiated Germany's largest hydrogen-mobility project "eFarm".

Green Power Denmark is a leading green industry association working on building a strong Danish industrial value chain for green hydrogen and scale up of markets, infrastructure, production and offtake in Denmark in cooperation with neighbouring countries (especially Germany). Please read more regarding Green Power Denmark's partnership with key players within green hydrogen in Denmark here: https://greenpowerdenmark.dk/about-green-power-denmark

The Hamburg Chamber of Commerce (Handelskammer Hamburg) represents about 170.000 companies in Hamburg. Hydrogen is crucial for achieving the decarbonization goals and Northern Germany's sustainable economic prosperity. In partnership with the Hamburg Hydrogen Society (Wasserstoff-Gesellschaft Hamburg), the Hamburg chamber fosters local, regional, and international cooperation between various stakeholders to establish Hamburg as an internationally recognized centre for a hydrogen-driven economy.

HY-EU is a production independent, non-public, trading platform with green production capacities. HY-EU strongly believe that a faster ramp-up of 550+ GW in H2 production capacity in Europe is possible and necessary for a fossil free future. They believe that Hydrogen is the future for European mid-size companies and for large industrial groups. They believe in leading supply-chains towards an independent energy cycle.

The Chamber of Industry and Commerce of Flensburg (IHK Flensburg) is the northernmost German chamber of commerce and industry. With around 100 full-time employees and ten trainees, it looks after more than 39,000 member companies in the commercial sector. The Hydrogen Network Schleswig-Holstein was founded on the initiative of entrepreneurs in March 2020 and is managed by IHK Flensburg. The aim is to provide the business community and other participants from administration and science with a joint platform for the market development of hydrogen in Schleswig-Holstein.

By the Ministry for Energy Transition, Agriculture, Environment, Nature and Digitization (MELUND), the Hydrogen Economy Schleswig-Holstein Coordination Office has been established at the WTSH GmbH in November 2020. The state coordination office initiates projects, supports project applicants in their initial phase as well as in finding the right funding initiative at state, federal and EU level. Moreover, the goal ist to increase transparency in the development of the hydrogen economy in order to facilitate synergy effects and cooperation with other actors.

Mankenberg GmbH is a German manufacturer of industrial valves and regulators for hydrogen applications located in Lübeck. Founded in 1885, Mankenberg is now a leading manufacturer of self-acting control valves.

The German petroleum refinery Raffiniere Heide GmbH is coordinator/partner within the German R&D project Westküste 100 - installing a 30 MW electrolyser in order to replace some grey hydrogen in the Heide refinery with green hydrogen. The company is also involved in the R&D application for HySCALE100 and develops and R&D application for a synethetic kerosene demonstration plant and searches for industry partners.

Rambøll is a leading engineering, architecture and consultancy company founded 1945 in Denmark. It employs 16,500 people in 35 countries. Rambøll accompanies many projects regarding the pressing topic of green hydrogen and Power-to-X technologies. One of them is the “Bornholm Bunker Hub”, which explores the possibilities for using the Danish island Bornholm as a ‘green gas station’. 

The CircleMinds Initiative is an international industry project that provide GWh/Y green-electricity from our energy-generating building infrastructure constructions. Our building and storage tenants are producers of CCU, water desalination, hydrogen and heat extraxtion, oxygen, ammonis, plastic-waste to biofuel, and e-methanol. We desire to provide a joint industry project named Circle-Port for Air-Ports, City-Ports, Ryral-Ports, Sea-Ports, Industry-Ports and Trans-Ports.

RWE Renewables ranks among the largest global players in power generation from renewable energies. Together with partners from associations and corporations, RWE is currently pressing ahead with around 30 green hydrogen projects in Europe at various demonstration and testing facilities. 

TEGnology ApS is working within thermal energy harvesting and its applications of both, recycling excess energy from industry and providing local energy supply for IIoT sensors by converting process heat into electrical energy. Digitalisation is key in the hydrogen industry as well as in all other industries. Thermal energy harvesting enables maintenance free and fully self-powered sensor systems improving the efficiency of the monitored processes.

TOWII Renewables is a Danish developer of renewable energy projects (wind, pv and bess) in the Nordic markets. Their clear aim is to work towards the green transition and to contribute to Denmark’s goals of electrification, an 80% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2030, and the ultimate goal of becoming a completely fossil-free society by 2050.

Ørsted is a renewable energy company which envisions a world that runs entirely on green energy. The company is globally active and employs 6,670 people. Ørsted has ambitious plans to accelerate deployment of renewable hydrogen production and Power-to-X. They are part of many projects regarding green hydrogen production like “Green fuels for Denmark”, “Westküste 100” and “Gigastack”. 

WindAdvice GmbH organize konferences in Germany (Branchentag Wasserstoff). WindAdvice services cover the entire value chain of pan-European projects, from valuation, acquisition of project rights/user contracts, ready-to-build projects to turnkey or existing assets.

In this study, Dansk Energi has put together recommendations for policy action regarding a Danish Power-to-X strategy. Dansk Energi recommends that the Danish government sets aside DKK 10 bn. between 2021 and 2030 for PtX production. A Danish strategy should cover these four key components:

1. Ambitious effort that supports a reduction of 2.5 mio. tons in carbon emissions by 2030
2. National effort to kick-start production and usage
3. International effort to establish rules and market frameworks
4. Strong governance, where the business sector is regularly involved and consulted.

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In this study, Rambøll has on behalf of Dansk Energi, conducted an analysis of possible gains by exceeding the 70-pct. CO2 reduction target and sharpen the level of ambition for the use of green fuels for ship and air traffic. This increase in level of ambition can help support investments in and in turn Danish business knowledge and experience regarding PtX facilities. Possible gains include:

1. Export gains between 3 and 36 billion DKK in 2030 depending on international development and learning effects in Denmark
2. An estimated 10.000 – 35.000 full-time employees over the lifetime of the facilities

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In this study, Rambøll has conducted an attitude survey among the most important actors in PtX in Denmark. Focus is on what it takes for PtX technology to contribute to the green transition. The main conclusions are:

1. Heavy road transport, shipping and aviation are the most essential sectors to help reduce the CO2-output
2. Important preconditions for PtX to significantly contribute to CO2 reductions include expanding renewable energy and introducing a CO2 tax
3. In addition to wind, renewable energy must come from solar and biomass
4. Any CO2 emitted during the production of green fuels must come from biogas, specifically resources from agriculture and households, Direct air Capture and waste incineration
5. Denmark can achieve a leading position within development and export of products and solutions. The export potential for PtX is more than 15 billion DKK

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In this study, Brintbranchen looks at PtX and hydrogen as a means for achieving the Danish government and the Danish Parliament’s goal of reducing Denmark’s CO2 emissions by 70% by 2030.

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Energinet’s ‘Winds of Change’ strategy points to a large-scale PtX contributing to Denmark’s national climate goal of a 70 % reduction in carbon emissions by 2030. The action plan relies on four principles, which make up the basis for Energinet’s role in the implementation and wider diffusion on the technology:

1. Ensure a clear division of roles with a distinction between monopoly and market-based activities.
2. Ensure activation of demand-side response and utilization of synergies.
3. Work for framework conditions that underpin value chains and secure the green value of PtX products.
4. Make knowledge and data available to the public.

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Energinet’s analysis seeks to identify whether PtX could become a reality in Denmark in the short term, what the immediate barriers seem to be and how PtX projects in Denmark can be expected to connect to the electricity and gas system. The analysis concludes that there is a realistic potential for establishing PtX systems in Denmark during the next 5 – 10 years. However, it also shows that the regulations (including electricity tariffs) have a major impact on profitability and the choice of a connection model.

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In this study, Dansk Energi and Energinet look at which gamechangers can drive development of PtX faster as well as how these should be considered in future planning of energy infrastructure. 12 Gamechangers have been identified based on four main categories:

1. Competition and demand
2. Hydrogen technologies and price
3. Methane as an energy carrier
4. Carbon availability

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In this study, DI Energi has put together recommendations for policy action regarding a Danish Power-to-X strategy. DI Energi recommends that the Danish government sets aside DKK 10 bn. between 2021 and 2030 for PtX production. A Danish strategy should cover these four key components:

1. Ambitious effort that supports a reduction of 2.5 mio. tons in carbon emissions by 2030
2. National effort to kick-start production and usage
3. International effort to establish rules and market frameworks
4. Strong governance, where the business sector is regularly involved and consulted.

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Denmark has a significant potential for Power-to-X and the production of renewable hydrogen from solar and wind. In the meantime, demand for hydrogen in Denmark is relatively limited and the supply of hydrogen is therefore expected to surpass demand in the short and longer term.

Germany could be a potential off-taker of hydrogen from Denmark. Contrary to the limited demand for hydrogen in Denmark, German industries already use significant amounts of hydrogen from fossil sources and the demand potential for direct use of renewable hydrogen is expected to increase in both existing and new hydrogen sectors.

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This study examines what is needed to reach the goal of a climate neutral Germany by 2050. The main results are that a climate neutral Germany 2050 is technically and economically possible. Among others, a large investment programme is needed to reach this goal.

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The study presents a comprehensive approach for estimating the development of global production and supply costs of low-carbon hydrogen from renewable sources (onshore wind, offshore wind and solar PV) and natural gas. Estimation results suggest that natural gas reforming with carbon capture and storage will be the most cost-efficient low-carbon hydrogen in the short term. Production of hydrogen from renewable sources could become competitive in the long run. The cost-optimal long term hydrogen supply depends on regional characteristics.

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This study analyses determines supply curves for hydrogen and synthetic methane in the MENA region for the years 2030 and 2050 to evaluate the import option to the EU techno-economically.

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The study aims to compile a comparative meta-study of the future potential demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-based products up to 2050. The analysed studies greatly differ regarding their predictions of future potential demand for hydrogen. Most studies expect a large demand for hydrogen and hydrogen-based products in connection with high ambitions to reduce carbon emissions. Hydrogen-based energy sources are therefore an important part of an ambitious climate policy.

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This Delphi study gathers experts’ views to understand the key change drivers and potential developments in green hydrogen over the next 20 years. The answers of the panel can be divided into three categories: a small group of pessimists, a larger group of optimists and an even larger group that can be described as conservative optimists. The difference in opinions cannot be explained by areas of profession, nor expertise, but points to a deep disagreement about the future of hydrogen. This reflects the immaturity of the field and the large uncertainties related to the size of the future green hydrogen market.

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